braang·kee·EK·tuh·suhs
Definition:
Bronchiectasis is a chronic lung condition characterized by permanent widening and thickening of the airways (bronchi) in the lungs. This leads to inflammation, mucus buildup, and recurrent infections.
Causes:
- Infections: Bacterial or viral infections, such as pneumonia, whooping cough, and influenza
Autoimmune disorders: Rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus Cystic fibrosis: A genetic disorder that affects mucus production Primary ciliary dyskinesia: A genetic disorder that impairs the movement of cilia (tiny hairs) in the airways Idiopathic: Unknown cause in some cases
Symptoms:
- Chronic cough with large amounts of mucus
- Shortness of breath
- Wheezing
- Chest pain
- Fatigue
- Recurrent lung infections
Diagnosis:
Chest X-ray, High-resolution CT scan, Pulmonary function tests, and Sputum culture.
Treatment:
- Antibiotics to treat infections
- Bronchodilators to open up the airways
- Mucolytics to thin mucus
- Chest physiotherapy to clear mucus
- Lung surgery in severe cases
- Lifestyle modifications, such as smoking cessation and avoiding allergens
Prognosis:
Bronchiectasis is a progressive condition, but with proper management, most people with bronchiectasis can live full and active lives. The prognosis depends on the underlying cause, severity of the condition, and adherence to treatment.