Definition:
Mitral regurgitation (MR) is a condition where the mitral valve in the heart does not close properly, allowing blood to flow backward from the left ventricle into the left atrium.
Causes:
- Mitral valve prolapse (MVP)
- Rheumatic heart disease
- Congenital heart defects
- Myocardial infarction (heart attack)
- Endocarditis (infection of the heart valve)
- Trauma
Symptoms:
- Shortness of breath, especially during exercise
- Fatigue
- Palpitations
- Chest pain (in severe cases)
- Swelling in the legs (in severe cases)
Diagnosis:
- Physical exam: A doctor may hear a heart murmur
Echocardiogram: An ultrasound of the heart that can visualize the mitral valve and assess its function
Treatment:
Treatment depends on the severity of MR and the underlying cause.
- Mild MR: May not require treatment
Moderate MR: Medications may be used to reduce symptoms and slow the progression of the condition Severe MR: Surgery may be necessary to repair or replace the mitral valve
Prognosis:
The prognosis for MR depends on the severity of the condition and the underlying cause. With proper treatment, most people with mild to moderate MR can live full and active lives. However, severe MR can lead to heart failure and other complications.